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Depression Treatment with =
=
Magnesium
•By
•George Eby
![](3D"slide0050_image002.jpg")
World-wide issue
•<=
/span>Neuropsychiatric disorders account for 36% of all =
=
non-communicable conditions.
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•<=
/span>They are the leading cause of all disability (more=
=
than twice that of cardiovascular diseases and <=
span
style=3D'font-size:88%'>malignant neoplasms)
•<=
/span>Depressive disorders cause 40% of all =
neuropsychiatric disorders.
•<=
/span>Many causes for depression including: =
magnesium / calcium imbalances, underlying =
=
infectious disease, brain chemical imbalances, hormonal imbalance, low cholesterol, Wilson's Disease, food allergy, heavy metal poisoning and <=
/span>=
iatrogenic causes.
•
Classical treatments
•Treatment for depression currently consists
of using psychiatric drugs including selective serotonin reupta=
ke inhibitors
(SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants
and herbal 5-HTP (a precursor to serotonin) and various =
psychiatric
and psychological treatments.
Onset of depression
•The onset of depress=
ive
diseases has changed from an old person’s disease in <=
/span>the
centuries prior to the 20th century to one
that currently afflicts people of all ages, including the young=
.
Treatment-resistant depression
•Unfortunately, only about 30 to 40 percent of <=
/span>patients
find relief from depression using medical and psychological
treatments.
•The remai=
ning 60
to 70 percent are often termed “treatment resistant=
221;
depression,
•Something
is very seriously missing in our treatment of depression.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
•That
“something” appears to be magnesium, it is
nearly absent in the diet!
RDAs for magnesium
•The USDA considers t=
he RDA
for magnesium to be around 400 mg for an adult,
which many believe is too low.
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.11%'>•Canada re=
commends
600 mg per day.
Magnesium in the diet
•The modern Western diet has steadily declined =
in magnesium over the preceding century, and appears to be causing the change in the =
incidence of depression.
=
•Prior to the twentieth century, magnesium was readily available in natural food and severe =
depression was very rare.
=
•Today magnesium is deficient in manufactured foods and one-fourth or more of the population =
has experienced clinical depression.
Effect=
s of
modern food technology
•This adverse change =
in
magnesium in foods resulted mainly from the practice of:
=
;
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•Refining =
wheat
and other grains,
•Avoiding =
foods
(fatty nuts and seeds) rich in magnesium,
•Removal of
magnesium and other minerals from drinking water. Depleted foods
•Due to refining meth=
ods
used, only 16% of the magnesium remains in refined wheat <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:38.5%;left:9.73%;width:84.45%;height:6.75%'=
>flour
resulting in “depleted” flour.
•Magnesium consumptio=
n has
fallen on average from 450 to 250 mg per day over =
the
last century.
•Significant magnesium deficiency occurs =
=
in the
majority of the Western population.
Stress and magnesium
•Stress, along with l=
ack of
bioavailable magnesium coupled with the great emphasis
on dietary calcium has led to an imbalance of these mineral=
s in
all tissues, especially the two excitatory tissues, the heart
and brain.
Calcium
& magnesium in the brain
•In the brain, excess=
ive
calcium and insufficient magnesium coupled with stress and
excessive glutamate causes neurons to pass too much calcium
across the neurosynaptic junctions than is appropriate
for good mental health.
Magnesium & neurons
•Magnesium depletion was theorized many years =
ago to likely to be deleterious to neurons by causing NMDA-coupled calcium channels to be =
biased towards opening.
=
•Without adequate magnesium, many scientists have found that neurons operate with <=
span
style=3D'font-size:88%'>inadequate control, forcing excessive calcium <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:69.25%;left:9.73%;width:87.26%;height:6.0%'=
>through the synapses causing harm to the =
neurons
•Inadequate brain magnesium causes severe =
disruptions in thinking, mood and behavior.
Magnesiu=
m and
NMDA receptors
•Most of the brain's regular functions involve the =
=
excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.
•The receptors for this system are calcium and =
magnesium ion channels (between 80 and 90 <=
/span>percent) and to a lesser extent calcium and zinc <=
/span>=
channels (10 to 20 percent).
•When they are activated, these ions enter or exit =
the cell, changing the cell’s potential.
Magnesium
has a critical regulatory role
in controlling neuronal calcium
=
![](3D"slide0016_image004.jpg")
Magnesium
& depression in research
animals
•Mice receiving inadequate dietary magnesium for several weeks displayed depression-like behavior. =
=
•Magnesium-deficiency also increased anxiety-=
related behavior.=
•These changes were reversible using anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs.
=
•A relation between magnesium status & mood disorders was clearly evident in the mouse model.&=
#13;•Magnesium provided strong anti-depressant activity=
and was considered vital in depression treatment.<=
/span>
Human research
•In humans, the first=
work
to treat agitated depression occurred in 1921, with injections
of magnesium sulfate resulting in patients relaxing and
sleeping well in 220 treatments out of 250 treatments.
•This work by Paul G.
Weston, MD was published in Volume 1 of the American Journal
of Psychiatry.
Human
and magnesium for depressi=
on
research issues
•The Weston article appears to be one of only a =
few about magnesium and the treatment of human depression.
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:88%'>•Consequently, psychiatrists are more likely to consider magnesium to be a poison than an <=
/span>=
effective treatment for mental illnesses.
=
•This generally reflects the antiquated and =
disproven view held by physicians for centuries =
that nutrition has no role in mental health.
Plasma
magnesium and calcium
•Plasma magnesium and
calcium were noted as being altered in human depression
as early as 1967 in about a dozen reports.
•Some of t=
hose
writers suggested that magnesium deficiency was the cause o=
f major
depression.
Intracellular magnesium
•Reflecting the findi=
ngs
that 99 percent of the body’s magnesium is found intracellularly,
scientists have shown that elevated plasma magne=
sium
is associated with intensity of depression.
•A shift f=
rom
intracellular to extracellular compartments for magnesium
appears to occur in depression.
Magnesi=
um in
severe depression
•Serotonin metabolite=
s and
magnesium ions are low in cerebrospinal (CSF) of <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:38.5%;left:9.73%;width:84.45%;height:6.75%'=
>suicidal
depressives.
•Inadequate magnesium appears to reduce <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:54.25%;left:9.73%;width:84.45%;height:6.75%=
'>serotonin
and magnesium repletion appears effective in restoring
serotonin.
• CSF Ca / Mg ratios were found to b=
e elevated
in severely depressed patients compared with the controls=
.
Brain magnesium
•Brain magnesium was f=
ound
to be low in treatment-resistant depressives using phosphorus
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
•This metho=
d allows
the safe and accurate diagnosis of low brain magnesium as =
a cause
of depression.
Magnesium treatment
•Treatment of depress=
ion
with magnesium supplementation, especially when calcium is
restricted, results in:
•Restoring balance between neuronal calcium
and magnesium and
•Recovery from depression and all related neurological
complaints.
Magnesium
has been shown effective in
small-scale published medical research in treating:
•<=
/span>Depression (agitated depression; severe, =
therapy-resistant manic agitation; rapid cycling <=
/span>=
bipolar disorder; anxiety-depression and =
epilepsy; and major depression)
=
•<=
/span>In late 2008, magnesium was first shown to be effective in a modern clinical trial of depression=
in diabetes.
•<=
/span>Anxiety
•<=
/span>Many other related neuroses
Googling
magnesium and depressi=
on
•A Google.com search =
for
“magnesium” and “depression” produces
2.5 million pages.
•Googling “Proz=
ac&r=
eg;”
and “depression” only produces 0.5 million
pages.
•A
similar search of the medical search engine, PubMed.gov, only
produced 70.
Psychiatry and magnesium?
•<=
/span>Magnesium use for depression is non-existent in =
psychiatry today due to an absence of large-=
scale,
peer reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled
clinical trials.
•<=
/span>Magnesium was used to treat depression and =
=
related disorders in homeopathy for many decades.
•<=
/span>Magnesium could again be used to treat depression under the laws of homeopathy in the =
United States and presumably elsewhere.
Physician heal thyself!
•The psychiatrist suicide rate (nearly always due <=
/span> =
to depression) is about 6 percent of male <=
/span>psychiatrists and 12 percent of female =
psychiatrists, double that of other physicians. &#=
13;=
•Twenty-six percent of all deaths among physicians 25 to 39 years of age were suicides. &#=
13;•This compares to a rate of 9 percent for non-=
physician white males in the same age group.
Ignorance kills!
•Physicians are under
enormous stress and prolonged stress depletes magnesium.
=
226;Not
knowing the role of magnesium in stress management and men=
tal
health is killing our doctors.
•Why isn&#=
8217;t
magnesium being used by physicians to treat depressed patien=
ts
and themselves?
Physicians
do not use magnesium to treat
depression because:
•They have no idea of the
role played by magnesium in mental health.
•Pharmaceutical drug
company pressure - expensive pharmaceutical drugs, not
cheap magnesium.
•State medical boards
– must use recognized psychiatric drugs.
•Plasma magnesium is
usually either normal or elevated – misleading
physicians.
Public defender?
•The public is left to
defend itself without much help from medical doctors.
•Naturopathic physici=
ans
have not been much help either, although a few are beginning
to understand this issue.
•Nutritionists genera=
lly
appear ignorant of magnesium – saying, “We =
get
enough”.
To prevent depression?
•The prevention of cl=
inical
depression and many neurological issues by eating foods rich
in magnesium (whole wheat, brown rice, wheat bran, nuts,
seeds, green leafy vegetables, chocolate, etc.) and =
supplementing
with magnesium appears required.
•Use bioav=
ailable
magnesium compounds like magnesium glycinate, malate,
citrate, sulfate, chloride, and acetate.
To be subject to depression?
•Eating a diet rich in
refined (depleted) grain products (white bread, pasta, cookies,
cake, etc.) without supplemental magnesium may eventually
result in anxiety and/or depression.
•Use of ma=
gnesium
oxide since it is not bioavailable and is useless.<=
/div>
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Mental
health issues caused by minor magnesium deficits
•Insomnia, headaches, migraines, cluster headaches,=
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:88%'>restless legs syndrome, irritability, confusion, <=
/span>=
impaired judgment, habituations, behavioral =
disturbances, tingling, agitation, hypochondria, <=
/span>=
aggression, twitching, tics, cramping, compulsive =
=
behavior, pricking and burning skin sensation, <=
span
style=3D'font-size:88%'>bruxism, excessive sighing, tremors, hyperventilation, tetany, apathy, dizziness, nervo=
us =
fits, fainting, “lump in the throat”,
“blocked breathing”, myalgia,
nystagmus and inattention.
Mental
health issues caused by moderate magnesium deficits
•Anxiety, ataxia,
hyperemotionality, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
hallucinations, panic attacks, neuromuscular
hyperexcitability, spasmophilia, hysteria, mania, delirium, convulsions,
seizures, seasonal affective depression, IQ loss, memory loss, attention
loss, delirium tremens, tremors and tetany.
<=
span
style=3D'visibility:hidden'>•
Mental
health issues caused by severe magnesium deficits?
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•treatment=
-resistant
depression,
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•post part=
um
depression,
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•clinical
depression,
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•bipolar d=
isorder,
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•suicidal
ideation, and
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•suicide. =
Declining mental health
•Depressive’s ca=
se
histories nearly always reveal that multiple minor and modera=
te neuroses
precede more severe mental illnesses such as depression and
suicide.
•This
appears to coincide with severity of brain magnesium deficits.
=
226;These
illnesses are often accompanied by declining cardiovascular
health.
Inconceivable!
•The notion that a sing=
le
nutrient deficiency could cause each these neuroses app=
ears
totally foreign to medical doctors.
•Physicians have been
trained for over 100 years to diagnose and treat each
symptom separately.
•That these neuroses can=
be
rapidly and effectively treated with magnesium appears
totally inconceivable.
Laws against mental health
•In the United States to sell a dietary supplement<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> (magnesium) to “prevent, treat, mitigate or
cure” depressi=
on or
the other related mental illnesses will
bring the Food and Drug Administration and/or Federal Trade Commission gestapo-like =
agents to your door and you may be hauled <=
/span>away to a dungeon or fined $25,000 per day.
•For any product to legally carry drug claims, it <=
/span>=
must be sold as a homeopathic drug or undergo years of study for approval of a New Drug <=
/span>Application under current FDA rules and laws.
Dosage?
•<=
/span>For an adult, 125 to 300 mg magnesium with =
=
each meal and at bedtime.
•<=
/span>Prorate for light-weight people and children.
•<=
/span>Magnesium glycinate is preferred over other =
magnesium compounds since both glycine and =
=
magnesium are usually low in depression.
•<=
/span>Taurine in multi-gram doses with each meal is =
also helpful since it, like glycine, is an inhibit=
ory =
neurotransmitter and both are also low in <=
/span>depression.
•<=
/span>Discuss dosage with your physician before <=
/span>treatment.
Avoid!
•Greatly reduce calci=
um and
neurotoxic MSG and aspartame.
•Eat only =
fresh
whole foods and avoid all manufactured foods (hidden MSG) and =
low
calorie drinks (aspartame).
•Do not use magnesium
glutamate or magnesium aspartate since these two ligands
are neurotoxic to depressives and they will always worsen
depression.
Side effects
•Supplementing with
magnesium to treat severe depression and associated neuroses
can have side effects.
•Large amounts of magnesium in the intestinal
tract, unbalanced with calcium can cause side effects,
mainly diarrhea resulting from exponential increases in =
intestinal
Candida albicans.
Prevent side effects
•<=
/span>Diarrhea must be prevented by any means =
possible.
•<=
/span>Indole-3-carbinol, kefir, calcium, biotin, =
=
prebiotics (inulin), probiotics & antifungal a=
gents =
are helpful for various reasons.
•<=
/span>Classical anti-diarrheal methods.
•<=
/span>Consider parenteral means to administer magnesium (topical, IV, injection, rectal)
•<=
/span>Severe overdose can cause coma and death.
•<=
/span>Discuss with your physician before treatment.
For more information
•<=
/span>For more information on magnesium and depression, access:
• (a 180 page report).&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Linked from this web page are medical journal arti=
cles with several hundred references in support of this=
research.
•George Eby, the author of this report, is an Austi=
n, Texas, scientist and not a physician.
<=
/span>
•<=
/span>This report is provided only for educational purpo=
ses
and is not medical ad=
vice.
Avoid
mental health issues with magnesium!
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